Robot Framework

 

 

Robot Framework 是一個自動測試框架

 

 

1. High-level architecture

 

2.檔案架構

Test suit directly/ [subsuit directory | test case file] : include many test cases

                             /initialization file

 

建議的檔案目錄：

1.Test libraries:  lowest-level keywords

2.Resource files with variables and higher-level user keywords

3.Variable files to provide more flexible ways to create variables than resource files

 

3. Test data tables

Different test data tables

Table name	Used for	Aliases
Setting table	1) Importing test libraries, resource files and variable files 2) Defining metadata for test suites and test cases	Setting, Settings, Metadata
Variable table	Defining variables that can be used elsewhere in the test data	Variable, Variables
Test case table	Creating test cases from available keywords	Test Case, Test Cases
Keyword table	Creating user keywords from existing lower-level keywords	Keyword, Keywords, User Keyword, User Keywords

 

 

4. Test setup and teardown

  Test setup:  Executed before a test case

  Teardown:  Executed after a test case

 

Test setup and teardown examples

Setting	Value	Value	Value
Test Setup	Open Application	App A
Test Teardown	Close Application

Test Case	Action	Argument	Argument
Default values	[Documentation]	Setup and teardown	from setting table
	Do Something
Overridden setup	[Documentation]	Own setup, teardown	from setting table
	[Setup]	Open Application	App B
	Do Something
No teardown	[Documentation]	Default setup, no	teardown at all
	Do Something
	[Teardown]
No teardown 2	[Documentation]	Using special NONE,	works with 2.5.6
	Do Something
	[Teardown]	NONE
Using variables	[Documentation]	Setup and teardown	given as variables
	[Setup]	${SETUP}
	Do Something
	[Teardown]	${TEARDOWN}

 

5.Test case styles

*1.keyword-driven style

*2.data-driven style

*3.behaviro-driven style

 

6.Variable types:

*1 Scalar variables

It is possible to use list variables as scalar variables containing lists simply by replacing @ with $. This makes it possible to use list variables with list related keywords, for example, from BuiltIn and Collections libraries. This feature works only if there is no scalar variable with same base name as the list variable has. In these cases the scalar variable has precedence and its value is used instead.

Using list variables as scalars

Test Case	Action	Argument	Argument	Argument
Example	@{items} =	Create List	first	second
	Length Should Be	${items}	2
	Append To List	${items}	third
	Length Should Be	${items}	3
	Remove From List	${items}	1
	Length Should Be	${items}	2
	Log Many	@{items}

*2 list variables: only can be used with some of settings

Using list variables with settings

Settings	Value	Value	Comment
Library	ExampleLibrary	@{LIB ARGS}	# This works
Library	${LIBRARY}	@{LIB ARGS}	# This works
Library	@{NAME AND ARGS}		# This does not work
Suite Setup	Some Keyword	@{KW ARGS}	# This works
Suite Setup	${KEYWORD}	@{KW ARGS}	# This works
Suite Setup	@{KEYWORD}		# This does not work
Default Tags	@{TAGS}		# This works

*3 environment variables

Environment variables set in the operating system before the test execution are available during it, and it is possible to create new ones with the keyword Set Environment Variable or delete existing ones with the keyword Delete Environment Variable, both available in the OperatingSystem library. Because environment variables are global, environment variables set in one test case can be used in other test cases executed after it. However, changes to environment variables are not effective after the test execution.

Using environment variables

Test Case	Action	Argument	Argument
Env Variables	Log	Current user: %{USER}
	Run	%{JAVA_HOME}${/}javac

 

 

Built-in variables

Available operating-system-related built-in variables

Variable	Explanation
${CURDIR}	An absolute path to the directory where the test data file is located. This variable is case-sensitive.
${TEMPDIR}	An absolute path to the system temporary directory. In UNIX-like systems this is typically /tmp, and in Windows c:\Documents and Settings\<user>\Local Settings\Temp.
${EXECDIR}	An absolute path to the directory where test execution was started from. New in Robot Framework 2.1.
${/}	The system directory path separator. / in UNIX-like systems, \ in Windows.
${:}	The system path element separator. : in UNIX-like systems and ; in Windows.